The use of microbial fertilizers
The dosage of microbial inoculum is small, and it mainly plays a regulating role. The principle of using microbial inoculants is "early, near and evenly", that is: early use, close to the root system of crops, and uniform application.
1. For spraying, the liquid microbial inoculum contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and other microorganisms, which can be used as foliar spraying to add nutrients to plants and promote photosynthesis. Mix the liquid inoculum with water at a ratio of 1:10, and use a sprayer to spray the crops, usually in the early stage of crop growth. Since ultraviolet rays in the sun have a bactericidal effect, generally avoid the time around noon when applying. Choose to spray in the morning or evening when the sun is not too strong, and use 10-20 kg of inoculum per acre of crops.
The following describes the usage of solid inoculants: solid inoculants include single inoculants and compound inoculants. A single inoculum contains only one microbial strain and can only be used for use. For example, if the soil is deficient in nitrogen, nitrogen-fixing inoculants can be used; Phosphorus can be treated with phosphate-dissolving microbial inoculants. The compound inoculum contains more than two kinds of microbial strains, which is more comprehensive than the single inoculant, can promote the growth of crops, improve the soil, and can also play a certain role in disease prevention, which is suitable for all kinds of crops. When using inoculants, different types of inoculants can be selected according to the soil fertility, and the usage is the same.
2. For seed dressing, pour an appropriate amount of inoculant into the basin, then pour in clean water, mix the inoculum and water in a ratio of 1:1, then put in the seeds of grain crops, stir evenly, and the inoculum is evenly attached to the surface of the seeds. Place in a cool place to dry and sow seeds, which can promote the growth of seeds and reduce pests and diseases. This method is suitable for all kinds of grain seeds.
3. Soak the seeds, pour an appropriate amount of inoculum into the pot, then pour in water, mix the inoculum and water in a ratio of 1:2, stir well, put the seeds into the bacterial solution, stir, soak for 8--12 hours, Remove and dry in the shade and sow seeds. This can improve the germination rate of seeds and enhance disease resistance.
4. Dip the roots, take the sweet potato seedlings as an example, pour an appropriate amount of inoculum into the pot, then pour in water, mix the inoculum and water in a ratio of 1:2, and make a paste, put the sweet potato roots into the inoculum Soak for about 10 minutes, water in the planting hole, and then plant the sweet potato seedlings after rooting into the hole and cover with soil. This method is suitable for crops with roots, and it is better to use when transplanting, which can promote early rooting, multiple rooting, and developed root systems.
5. Mixed fertilizer, microbial inoculum can be mixed with farm organic fertilizer, used as base fertilizer or top dressing. First put the decomposed organic fertilizer on the ground, pour an appropriate amount of inoculum on the organic fertilizer, the ratio of microbial inoculum to organic fertilizer is 1:10, and mix the inoculum and organic fertilizer well. 10-20 kg of inoculum can be used per mu. It should be noted that the organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before it can be used, otherwise it will kill the microorganisms in the inoculum. Spread the mixed fertilizer evenly on the ground, and then plough it into the soil as base fertilizer, which can improve soil fertility.
6. Mixing soil, microbial inoculum can be used in mixing soil, and the ratio of inoculum and soil is 1:2. Pour an appropriate amount of inoculum into the pot, mix the sieved fine soil with the inoculum according to twice the amount, stir evenly, and make into nutrient soil, which can be spread as base fertilizer or as seed fertilizer. When ditching, open a ditch in the prepared ground, put the nutrient soil into the ditch, then water, cover the soil, and then plant or plant seedlings, which can improve soil fertility and promote the growth of seeds or seedlings. 10-20 kg of inoculum can be used per mu.
7. Organic material decomposing agent, organic material decomposing agent is a microbial living preparation that can accelerate the decomposition and decomposing of various organic materials, and can be used to make compost. When making compost, choose a suitable position on the edge of the field, and pile up the crop straw and livestock and poultry manure. -1.5 meters, the dosage of decomposing agent is one thousandth of the material, usually only 1 kg decomposing agent is needed to ferment one ton of organic fertilizer. Pour water after stacking, and control the moisture at 50%-60%. In winter, use plastic film to seal the heap for heat preservation. When the temperature rises to about 40 °C, turn the heap once, and naturally accumulate and ferment for 30-40 days before use. This fermented and decomposed fertilizer contains various trace elements required by crops, as well as nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-resolving and potassium-resolving functional bacteria, which can prevent soil compaction and improve soil fertility.
Bio-organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer usage Both bio-organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer contain a variety of microbial functional bacteria, which have various functions such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solution, potassium solution, etc., and have a certain fertilizer effect. Bio-organic fertilizer has a slow fertilizer effect and limited fertility, but it is safe and environmentally friendly, and can significantly improve the quality of crops and products, and can be used in conjunction with chemical fertilizers; compound microbial fertilizers have higher fertility and faster fertilizer efficiency, and can be used in fertile land instead of chemical fertilizers.
Bio-organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer are suitable for field crops, and the method of use is relatively simple. Generally, they are directly sprinkled on the ground as base fertilizer or top-dressing fertilizer, and the dosage is basically the same.
8. Base fertilizer, when making base fertilizer, remove and apply it to the ground before soil preparation, and then plough. The dosage is determined according to crop requirements and soil conditions. Generally, the dosage per mu is 100 kg for grain crops, 150 kg per mu for tea and tobacco, 200 kg per mu for sugarcane, 100 kg per mu for fruits and vegetables, and 100 kg per mu for potatoes and sugar beets.
9. Topdressing, when doing topdressing, open a ditch beside the seedlings, sprinkle bio-organic fertilizer or compound microbial fertilizer, close to the roots of the seedlings, and then cover with soil. The amount per acre is the same as the amount of base fertilizer.
